Development Experience (1947–90)
1. Indian Economy on the Eve of Independence State of the Indian Economy at Independence Agricultural Sector Industrial Sector Foreign Trade Demographic Condition Occupational Structure Infrastructure Economic Consequences of Colonial Rule
2. Goals of Development Planning Meaning of Economic Planning Need for Economic Planning Planning Commission Five-Year Plans Common Goals of Five-Year Plans Economic Growth Modernisation Self-reliance Equity Role of the Public Sector Mixed Economy
3. Agriculture and Land Reforms Land Reforms Abolition of Intermediaries Land Ceiling Consolidation of Land Holdings Green Revolution HYV Seeds Irrigation Fertilisers and Pesticides Agricultural Credit Impact of the Green Revolution Limitations of the Green Revolution
4. Industrial Development Industrial Policy Resolution, 1956 Industrialisation Strategy Role of Public Sector Role of Private Sector Industrial Licensing Small-Scale Industries Import Substitution Industrial Development during 1950–90 Problems of the Industrial Sector
5. Trade and Foreign Economic Policy Import Substitution Protection of Domestic Industries Tariff and Non-tariff Barriers Export Promotion Foreign Exchange Regulation Objectives of India's Trade Policy before 1991
Economic Reforms since 1991
1. Economic Crisis of 1991 Background of the 1991 Economic Crisis Balance of Payments Crisis Fiscal Imbalance Inflation Decline in Foreign Exchange Reserves External Debt Need for Economic Reforms
2. New Economic Policy, 1991 Meaning and Objectives of the New Economic Policy Stabilisation Measures Structural Reform Measures Liberalisation Privatisation Globalisation LPG Reforms
3. Liberalisation Meaning of Liberalisation Industrial Sector Reforms Removal of Industrial Licensing Financial Sector Reforms Tax Reforms Foreign Exchange Reforms Trade and Investment Reforms Deregulation
4. Privatisation Meaning of Privatisation Disinvestment Objectives of Privatisation Role of the Private Sector Changes in the Public Sector Navratna, Maharatna and Miniratna Public Sector Enterprises
5. Globalisation Meaning of Globalisation Integration of the Indian Economy with the World Economy Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Multinational Corporations (MNCs) Outsourcing Trade Liberalisation World Trade Organization (WTO) Impact of Globalisation on India
6. Appraisal of Economic Reforms Positive Outcomes of Economic Reforms Economic Growth Foreign Investment Foreign Exchange Reserves Expansion of the Service Sector Increased Competition Concerns and Limitations of Reforms Employment Concerns Agricultural Sector Concerns Industrial Sector Concerns Inequality and Regional Disparities Criticism of Privatisation Debate over Globalisation
7. Demonetisation and Goods and Services Tax (GST) Meaning and Objectives of Demonetisation Effects of Demonetisation Meaning of GST Objectives of GST GST as a Destination-based Tax Advantages of GST Challenges associated with GST