Topic 1: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sectors
Q1.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Primary sector | a. Production using natural resources |
| 2. Secondary sector | b. Manufacturing and construction |
| 3. Tertiary sector | c. Services supporting production and consumption |
| 4. Example of primary activity | d. Cultivation of wheat |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Q2.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Agriculture | a. Primary activity |
| 2. Factory production | b. Secondary activity |
| 3. Banking | c. Tertiary activity |
| 4. Fishing | d. Extraction/use of natural resources |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
C. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q3.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Mining | a. Primary sector |
| 2. Textile manufacturing | b. Secondary sector |
| 3. Transport | c. Tertiary sector |
| 4. Dairy farming | d. Primary sector |
Options:
A. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
B. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
C. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q4.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Natural-resource dependence | a. Primary sector |
| 2. Transformation of raw materials | b. Secondary sector |
| 3. Provision of services | c. Tertiary sector |
| 4. Production of crops | d. Primary sector |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Topic 2: Primary Sector
Q5.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Cultivation | a. Primary activity |
| 2. Fishing | b. Obtaining resources from nature |
| 3. Forestry | c. Primary-sector activity |
| 4. Mining | d. Extraction of minerals |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Q6.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Farmer | a. Produces crops |
| 2. Fisher | b. Catches fish |
| 3. Miner | c. Extracts minerals |
| 4. Forester | d. Uses forest resources |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
C. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q7.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Wheat cultivation | a. Primary sector |
| 2. Coal mining | b. Primary sector |
| 3. Fishing | c. Primary sector |
| 4. Animal husbandry | d. Primary sector |
Options:
A. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
B. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
C. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q8.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Dependence on land | a. Agriculture |
| 2. Dependence on water resources | b. Fishing |
| 3. Dependence on forests | c. Forestry |
| 4. Dependence on mineral deposits | d. Mining |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Topic 3: Secondary Sector
Q9.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Manufacturing | a. Conversion of raw materials |
| 2. Construction | b. Secondary-sector activity |
| 3. Food processing | c. Processing agricultural products |
| 4. Textile production | d. Manufacturing activity |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Q10.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Cotton | a. Raw material |
| 2. Cotton cloth | b. Manufactured product |
| 3. Sugarcane | c. Agricultural product |
| 4. Sugar | d. Processed product |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
C. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q11.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Factory | a. Manufacturing |
| 2. Building construction | b. Construction |
| 3. Flour mill | c. Processing |
| 4. Automobile plant | d. Manufacturing |
Options:
A. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
B. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
C. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q12.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Raw cotton | a. Primary-sector output |
| 2. Spinning cotton yarn | b. Secondary activity |
| 3. Manufacturing garments | c. Secondary activity |
| 4. Selling garments in a shop | d. Tertiary activity |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Topic 4: Tertiary Sector
Q13.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Banking | a. Financial service |
| 2. Transport | b. Movement of goods and people |
| 3. Education | c. Service activity |
| 4. Healthcare | d. Health service |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
C. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q14.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Teacher | a. Education service |
| 2. Doctor | b. Healthcare service |
| 3. Bus driver | c. Transport service |
| 4. Bank employee | d. Financial service |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Q15.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Communication | a. Service |
| 2. Storage | b. Service |
| 3. Insurance | c. Financial service |
| 4. Trade | d. Exchange-related service |
Options:
A. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
B. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
C. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q16.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Courier service | a. Communication/logistics service |
| 2. Internet service | b. Communication service |
| 3. Retail trade | c. Trade service |
| 4. Insurance | d. Risk-related financial service |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Topic 5: Comparing the Three Sectors
Q17.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Primary sector | a. Direct use of natural resources |
| 2. Secondary sector | b. Transformation of materials |
| 3. Tertiary sector | c. Provision of services |
| 4. Agriculture | d. Primary-sector example |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q18.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Wheat farming | a. Primary |
| 2. Flour milling | b. Secondary |
| 3. Transportation of flour | c. Tertiary |
| 4. Retail sale of flour | d. Tertiary |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
C. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q19.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Extraction | a. Primary |
| 2. Manufacturing | b. Secondary |
| 3. Services | c. Tertiary |
| 4. Construction | d. Secondary |
Options:
A. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
B. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
C. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q20.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Natural resources | a. Main basis of primary sector |
| 2. Factories | b. Main setting of manufacturing |
| 3. Banks | c. Service institutions |
| 4. Interdependence | d. Sectors support one another |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Topic 6: Employment in Different Sectors
Q21.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Agriculture | a. Can employ many workers |
| 2. Factory | b. Manufacturing employment |
| 3. Banking | c. Service employment |
| 4. Construction | d. Secondary-sector employment |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Q22.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Disguised unemployment | a. More workers than actually required |
| 2. Seasonal unemployment | b. Work available only during certain periods |
| 3. Underemployment | c. Workers not fully utilised |
| 4. Regular salaried work | d. Relatively stable employment |
Options:
A. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
B. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
C. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q23.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Five family members needed on a farm | a. Possible disguised unemployment |
| 2. Seven family members working there | b. Some workers may have zero marginal productivity |
| 3. Removing one worker without reducing output | c. Sign of disguised unemployment |
| 4. Moving surplus workers to other jobs | d. Can improve productive use of labour |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q24.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. More employment opportunities | a. Expansion of productive activities |
| 2. Skill development | b. Improves employability |
| 3. Public works | c. Can generate employment |
| 4. Growth of services | d. Creates service-sector jobs |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Topic 7: Contribution of Different Sectors to GDP
Q25.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. GDP | a. Value of final goods and services produced |
| 2. Sectoral contribution | b. Contribution of different sectors to GDP |
| 3. Primary sector | c. Includes agriculture and allied activities |
| 4. Tertiary sector | d. Includes services |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Q26.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Agriculture | a. Primary-sector contribution |
| 2. Manufacturing | b. Secondary-sector contribution |
| 3. Banking | c. Tertiary-sector contribution |
| 4. Transport | d. Service-sector contribution |
Options:
A. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
B. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
C. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q27.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Final goods | a. Counted in GDP to avoid double counting |
| 2. Intermediate goods | b. Used for further production |
| 3. GDP calculation | c. Measures production within an economy |
| 4. Value added | d. Helps avoid repeated counting |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q28.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Rise in service output | a. Can increase tertiary-sector contribution |
| 2. Rise in manufacturing | b. Can increase secondary-sector contribution |
| 3. Rise in agricultural output | c. Can increase primary-sector contribution |
| 4. Overall increase in production | d. Can raise GDP |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Topic 8: Changes in the Importance of Sectors
Q29.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Early development | a. Greater dependence on primary activities |
| 2. Industrialisation | b. Expansion of secondary activities |
| 3. Modern economy | c. Increasing importance of services |
| 4. Structural change | d. Change in relative importance of sectors |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
C. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q30.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Growing urbanisation | a. Can increase demand for services |
| 2. Rising incomes | b. Can change consumption patterns |
| 3. Industrial growth | c. Expands manufacturing |
| 4. Technological change | d. Can increase service-sector productivity |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Q31.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Primary-sector dominance | a. Common at earlier stages of development |
| 2. Industrial expansion | b. Growth of manufacturing |
| 3. Service-sector expansion | c. Growth of banking, transport, communication etc. |
| 4. Economic transformation | d. Shift in sectoral structure |
Options:
A. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
B. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
C. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q32.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Demand for education | a. Supports tertiary-sector growth |
| 2. Demand for healthcare | b. Supports service expansion |
| 3. Demand for transport | c. Supports tertiary activities |
| 4. Demand for manufactured goods | d. Supports secondary activities |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Topic 9: Organised Sector
Q33.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Organised sector | a. Follows government rules and regulations |
| 2. Working conditions | b. Generally more regulated |
| 3. Employment records | c. Usually maintained |
| 4. Social security | d. May include provident fund and related benefits |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Q34.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Registered workplace | a. More likely to be covered by formal rules |
| 2. Fixed working hours | b. Regulated working conditions |
| 3. Paid leave | c. Employment benefit |
| 4. Job records | d. Formal employment practice |
Options:
A. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
B. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
C. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q35.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Formal rules | a. Characteristic of organised employment |
| 2. Regular salary | b. More predictable payment |
| 3. Paid holidays | c. Employment benefit |
| 4. Legal protection | d. Worker protection |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q36.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Organised workplace | a. Formal registration/regulation |
| 2. Employee benefits | b. Benefits under applicable rules |
| 3. Working-hour rules | c. Regulation of working time |
| 4. Employment security | d. Generally greater than in many informal jobs |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Topic 10: Unorganised Sector
Q37.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Unorganised sector | a. Often lacks formal regulation |
| 2. Casual employment | b. Employment may be irregular |
| 3. Small shop | c. Common example |
| 4. Social security | d. May be limited or absent |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
C. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q38.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Street vendor | a. Often works in informal conditions |
| 2. Domestic worker | b. Often outside formal employment arrangements |
| 3. Casual labourer | c. May have irregular employment |
| 4. Small household enterprise | d. Often operates on a small scale |
Options:
A. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
B. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
C. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q39.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Irregular income | a. Common vulnerability |
| 2. Lack of paid leave | b. Fewer formal benefits |
| 3. Weak legal protection | c. Greater employment insecurity |
| 4. Small-scale operation | d. Common feature of many informal activities |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q40.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Informal employment | a. May lack written contracts |
| 2. Irregular working hours | b. Less formal regulation |
| 3. No social-security coverage | c. Greater economic vulnerability |
| 4. Government intervention | d. Can improve worker protection |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Topic 11: Differences between Organised and Unorganised Sectors
Q41.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Organised sector | a. More formal regulation |
| 2. Unorganised sector | b. Less formal regulation |
| 3. Social security | c. More likely in organised employment |
| 4. Written contract | d. More common in organised employment |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Q42.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Organised employment | a. Regulated working hours |
| 2. Unorganised employment | b. Often irregular working conditions |
| 3. Paid leave | c. More commonly available in organised jobs |
| 4. Job security | d. Generally stronger in organised employment |
Options:
A. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
B. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
C. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q43.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Formal registration | a. Organised sector |
| 2. Lack of formal registration | b. Common feature of unorganised activities |
| 3. Employment benefits | c. More likely under organised employment |
| 4. Greater vulnerability | d. Common concern in unorganised employment |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q44.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Labour laws | a. Protect workers where applicable |
| 2. Organised sector | b. More likely to follow formal labour rules |
| 3. Unorganised sector | c. Workers may have weaker protection |
| 4. Social security | d. Reduces economic insecurity |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Topic 12: Protection of Workers in the Unorganised Sector
Q45.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Minimum wages | a. Protect workers from extremely low wages |
| 2. Social security | b. Provides support against certain risks |
| 3. Safe workplace | c. Reduces workplace hazards |
| 4. Labour laws | d. Establish worker-protection standards |
Options:
A. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
B. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
C. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q46.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Minimum wage | a. Wage floor |
| 2. Workplace safety | b. Protection from hazards |
| 3. Maternity benefits | c. Support for eligible women workers |
| 4. Social insurance | d. Protection against specified risks |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q47.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Worker registration | a. Helps identify workers for schemes |
| 2. Access to welfare schemes | b. Provides institutional support |
| 3. Skill training | c. Can improve employability |
| 4. Legal awareness | d. Helps workers understand their rights |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Q48.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Health protection | a. Reduces financial burden from illness |
| 2. Old-age support | b. Helps workers after working life |
| 3. Accident protection | c. Supports workers facing workplace accidents |
| 4. Employment support | d. Helps improve livelihood security |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Topic 13: Public Sector
Q49.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Public sector | a. Government ownership/control |
| 2. Private sector | b. Private ownership/control |
| 3. Public enterprise | c. Enterprise owned/controlled by government |
| 4. Government department | d. Operates under government authority |
Options:
A. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
B. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
C. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q50.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Government ownership | a. Key feature of public sector |
| 2. Public service | b. Service provided for social needs |
| 3. Public infrastructure | c. Roads, railways and other facilities |
| 4. Public enterprise | d. Government-owned/controlled enterprise |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q51.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Indian Railways | a. Major public-sector institution |
| 2. Government hospital | b. Public healthcare service |
| 3. Government school | c. Public education service |
| 4. Municipal service | d. Local public service |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Q52.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Social objective | a. Public sector may pursue it |
| 2. Profit objective | b. Important in many private enterprises |
| 3. Essential services | c. Often require public support |
| 4. Public investment | d. Can build infrastructure |
Options:
A. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
B. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
C. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Topic 14: Private Sector
Q53.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Private sector | a. Private ownership |
| 2. Private company | b. Owned by private individuals/investors |
| 3. Profit motive | c. Common objective of private enterprises |
| 4. Competition | d. Can encourage efficiency and innovation |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Q54.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Private hospital | a. Privately owned service provider |
| 2. Private school | b. Privately managed educational institution |
| 3. Private factory | c. Privately owned production unit |
| 4. Private bank | d. Privately owned financial institution |
Options:
A. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
B. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
C. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q55.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Entrepreneurship | a. Starts and manages business activities |
| 2. Investment | b. Provides capital for production |
| 3. Innovation | c. Introduces new ideas or methods |
| 4. Competition | d. Encourages firms to improve |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q56.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Consumer demand | a. Influences business decisions |
| 2. Profitability | b. Influences investment decisions |
| 3. Competition | c. Can influence prices and quality |
| 4. Market conditions | d. Affect private enterprises |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Topic 15: Differences between Public and Private Sectors
Q57.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Public sector | a. Government ownership/control |
| 2. Private sector | b. Private ownership/control |
| 3. Social welfare | c. Important public-sector objective |
| 4. Profit | d. Important objective for many private firms |
Options:
A. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
B. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
C. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q58.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Government-owned enterprise | a. Public sector |
| 2. Privately owned company | b. Private sector |
| 3. Universal access | c. Can be a public-policy objective |
| 4. Commercial return | d. Often important for private investment |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q59.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Public enterprise | a. May prioritise public interest |
| 2. Private enterprise | b. Usually responds strongly to market incentives |
| 3. Public investment | c. Can support infrastructure |
| 4. Private investment | d. Can expand business capacity |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Q60.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Public sector objective | a. Social and economic development |
| 2. Private-sector objective | b. Business growth and profitability |
| 3. Government control | c. Feature of public sector |
| 4. Private ownership | d. Feature of private sector |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Topic 16: Role of the Public Sector
Q61.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Infrastructure | a. Supports economic activity |
| 2. Public health | b. Improves access to healthcare |
| 3. Public education | c. Develops human capabilities |
| 4. Social welfare | d. Supports vulnerable groups |
Options:
A. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
B. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
C. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q62.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Roads | a. Public infrastructure |
| 2. Irrigation | b. Supports agriculture |
| 3. Electricity supply | c. Supports households and production |
| 4. Public transport | d. Supports mobility |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q63.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Market failure | a. May justify government intervention |
| 2. Public goods | b. May require public provision |
| 3. Basic services | c. Important for social welfare |
| 4. Regional balance | d. Public investment can support less-developed areas |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Q64.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Public investment | a. Can create infrastructure |
| 2. Public services | b. Can improve quality of life |
| 3. Employment | c. Can be generated through public projects |
| 4. Economic development | d. Can be supported by public-sector activity |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Topic 17: Government-Owned Enterprises and Services
Q65.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Government-owned enterprise | a. Owned/controlled by government |
| 2. Public hospital | b. Government-supported healthcare |
| 3. Government school | c. Public education service |
| 4. Public transport | d. Government-provided/supporting transport service |
Options:
A. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
B. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
C. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q66.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Indian Railways | a. Public transport system |
| 2. Government hospital | b. Public health facility |
| 3. Government school | c. Public education facility |
| 4. Municipal water supply | d. Essential public utility |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q67.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Public enterprise | a. Government ownership/control |
| 2. Essential service | b. Important for basic needs |
| 3. Public utility | c. Service with broad social importance |
| 4. Government department | d. Administrative arm of government |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Q68.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Affordable service | a. Supports wider access |
| 2. Public ownership | b. Allows government control |
| 3. Public infrastructure | c. Supports economic activity |
| 4. Essential utility | d. Serves basic social needs |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Topic 18: Employment Generation by the Government
Q69.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Public works | a. Can directly create employment |
| 2. Infrastructure projects | b. Require workers during construction |
| 3. Government schools | c. Create teaching and support jobs |
| 4. Government hospitals | d. Create healthcare and support jobs |
Options:
A. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
B. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
C. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q70.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Road construction | a. Construction employment |
| 2. School expansion | b. Education-related employment |
| 3. Health-centre expansion | c. Healthcare-related employment |
| 4. Rural development project | d. Can generate local employment |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q71.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Employment programme | a. Provides work opportunities |
| 2. Skill development | b. Improves employability |
| 3. Infrastructure investment | c. Creates direct and indirect jobs |
| 4. Rural employment | d. Supports rural livelihoods |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Q72.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Direct employment | a. Workers hired for a project |
| 2. Indirect employment | b. Jobs created through related demand |
| 3. Government investment | c. Can stimulate economic activity |
| 4. Public projects | d. Can create both direct and indirect jobs |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Topic 19: Public Welfare and Essential Services
Q73.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Public healthcare | a. Supports health needs |
| 2. Public education | b. Supports learning |
| 3. Clean water supply | c. Supports basic living conditions |
| 4. Sanitation | d. Supports public health |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Q74.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Affordable healthcare | a. Improves access |
| 2. Free/low-cost education | b. Reduces barriers to education |
| 3. Public sanitation | c. Helps prevent health risks |
| 4. Food-support programmes | d. Can support vulnerable households |
Options:
A. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
B. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
C. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q75.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Public welfare | a. Improves social well-being |
| 2. Essential service | b. Important for basic needs |
| 3. Social protection | c. Helps vulnerable groups |
| 4. Equal access | d. Promotes broader participation |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q76.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Drinking water | a. Basic public need |
| 2. Healthcare | b. Essential social service |
| 3. Education | c. Human-capital development |
| 4. Sanitation | d. Public-health support |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Topic 20: Interdependence among Economic Sectors
Q77.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Agriculture | a. Supplies raw materials to industries |
| 2. Industry | b. Supplies manufactured inputs and goods |
| 3. Services | c. Supports production and distribution |
| 4. Consumers | d. Create demand for goods and services |
Options:
A. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
B. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
C. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q78.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Farmer | a. Supplies agricultural output |
| 2. Food-processing unit | b. Processes farm products |
| 3. Transporter | c. Moves goods |
| 4. Retailer | d. Makes goods available to consumers |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q79.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Raw material shortage | a. Can affect industrial production |
| 2. Transport disruption | b. Can affect supply chains |
| 3. Bank credit | c. Can support business activity |
| 4. Higher demand | d. Can increase production |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Q80.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Primary sector | a. Provides raw materials |
| 2. Secondary sector | b. Processes raw materials |
| 3. Tertiary sector | c. Provides supporting services |
| 4. All three sectors | d. Together form an interconnected economy |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Topic 21: Importance of a Balanced Development of All Sectors
Q81.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Agricultural development | a. Supports food and raw-material supply |
| 2. Industrial development | b. Supports manufacturing and value addition |
| 3. Service-sector development | c. Supports trade and essential services |
| 4. Balanced development | d. Supports broad-based economic progress |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Q82.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Strong agriculture | a. Supports rural livelihoods |
| 2. Strong industry | b. Creates manufacturing capacity |
| 3. Strong services | c. Supports modern economic activities |
| 4. Balanced sectors | d. Reduces excessive dependence on one sector |
Options:
A. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
B. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
C. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q83.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Sectoral balance | a. More diversified economic structure |
| 2. Employment diversification | b. Opportunities across different sectors |
| 3. Infrastructure development | c. Supports multiple economic activities |
| 4. Regional development | d. Helps reduce uneven development |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
Q84.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Primary sector growth | a. Strengthens agricultural and natural-resource activities |
| 2. Secondary sector growth | b. Strengthens manufacturing and construction |
| 3. Tertiary sector growth | c. Strengthens services |
| 4. Balanced growth | d. Helps create a more resilient economy |
Options:
A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
C. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Complete Answer Key
| Q. | Ans. | Q. | Ans. | Q. | Ans. | Q. | Ans. |
| 1 | D | 22 | B | 43 | C | 64 | D |
| 2 | B | 23 | C | 44 | D | 65 | A |
| 3 | A | 24 | D | 45 | A | 66 | C |
| 4 | C | 25 | D | 46 | C | 67 | D |
| 5 | D | 26 | A | 47 | D | 68 | C |
| 6 | B | 27 | C | 48 | D | 69 | A |
| 7 | A | 28 | D | 49 | A | 70 | C |
| 8 | D | 29 | B | 50 | C | 71 | D |
| 9 | D | 30 | D | 51 | D | 72 | D |
| 10 | B | 31 | A | 52 | A | 73 | D |
| 11 | A | 32 | C | 53 | D | 74 | A |
| 12 | C | 33 | D | 54 | A | 75 | C |
| 13 | B | 34 | A | 55 | C | 76 | D |
| 14 | D | 35 | C | 56 | D | 77 | A |
| 15 | A | 36 | D | 57 | A | 78 | C |
| 16 | C | 37 | B | 58 | C | 79 | D |
| 17 | C | 38 | A | 59 | D | 80 | C |
| 18 | B | 39 | C | 60 | D | 81 | D |
| 19 | A | 40 | D | 61 | A | 82 | A |
| 20 | D | 41 | D | 62 | C | 83 | C |
| 21 | D | 42 | A | 63 | D | 84 | D |