Instructions: Match each item in Column I with the most appropriate item in Column II. Use each option only once in each question. Do not look at the answer key until you have attempted all questions.
Topic 1: What Is Development?
Question 1
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Higher income | 1. Social dignity |
| B. Better health | 2. Protection from future risks |
| C. Security | 3. An economic means for improving living standards |
| D. Respect | 4. An important aspect of quality of life |
Question 2
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Development | 1. Economic means |
| B. Quality of life | 2. Ability to make choices |
| C. Income | 3. Overall improvement in well-being |
| D. Freedom | 4. Broader well-being |
Question 3
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Good education | 1. Healthy living |
| B. Secure employment | 2. Dignified life |
| C. Clean environment | 3. Development of human capabilities |
| D. Social respect | 4. Economic security |
Question 4
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Higher income but poor health | 1. An important development goal |
| B. Better health | 2. An incomplete picture of development |
| C. Secure life | 3. A means of expanding capabilities and opportunities |
| D. Education | 4. A non-income indicator of development |
Question 5
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Multidimensional nature of development | 1. Equality and respect |
| B. Economic aspect | 2. Overall well-being |
| C. Social aspect | 3. Inclusion of several aspects |
| D. Quality of life | 4. Income and employment |
Topic 2: Different People, Different Development Goals
Question 6
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Landless labourer | 1. Safe and equal workplace |
| B. Farmer | 2. Quality education |
| C. Student | 3. Regular employment |
| D. Woman worker | 4. Irrigation facilities |
Question 7
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Development goals | 1. Better wages and employment |
| B. Rural farmer | 2. Education and skills |
| C. Student | 3. Influenced by a person’s circumstances |
| D. Worker | 4. Agricultural facilities |
Question 8
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Farmer’s priority | 1. Equal opportunities |
| B. Student’s priority | 2. Employment security |
| C. Worker’s priority | 3. Irrigation |
| D. Woman’s priority | 4. Education |
Question 9
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Different circumstances | 1. Security and respect |
| B. Educated young person | 2. Stable agricultural income |
| C. Small farmer | 3. Different development goals |
| D. Insecure woman worker | 4. Employment opportunities |
Question 10
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Development goal | 1. Respect and freedom |
| B. Economic goal | 2. Individual choice |
| C. Non-economic goal | 3. Depends on a person’s needs |
| D. Personal priority | 4. Higher income |
Topic 3: Conflicting Development Goals
Question 11
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Construction of a dam | 1. Environmental cost |
| B. Displaced families | 2. Employment |
| C. Industrial unit | 3. Need for rehabilitation |
| D. Pollution | 4. Irrigation and electricity |
Question 12
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Establishing an industry | 1. May provide electricity |
| B. Local residents | 2. May affect local livelihoods |
| C. Dam project | 3. May increase employment |
| D. Displacement | 4. May oppose pollution |
Question 13
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Industrialist | 1. Consider wider public interest |
| B. Farmer | 2. Reduce pollution |
| C. Environmental group | 3. Protect land |
| D. Government | 4. Increase production |
Question 14
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Economic growth | 1. Balancing different interests |
| B. Environmental protection | 2. Rehabilitation |
| C. Project-affected families | 3. Increase in production |
| D. Development policy | 4. Protection of natural resources |
Question 15
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Benefit to one group | 1. Electricity and irrigation |
| B. Large dam | 2. Broad assessment of benefits and costs |
| C. Displacement | 3. May impose a cost on another group |
| D. National development | 4. Social cost |
Topic 4: Income and Other Goals
Question 16
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Income | 1. Ability to make choices |
| B. Security | 2. Social dignity |
| C. Respect | 3. Protection from risks |
| D. Freedom | 4. Purchasing power |
Question 17
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Higher wages | 1. Future economic stability |
| B. Safe workplace | 2. Economic benefit |
| C. Social respect | 3. Dignity |
| D. Employment security | 4. Non-economic goal |
Question 18
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Material goal | 1. Ability to make decisions |
| B. Non-material goal | 2. Protection from risks |
| C. Security | 3. Higher income |
| D. Freedom | 4. Respect |
Question 19
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Two families with the same income | 1. Expands future opportunities |
| B. Public health service | 2. Relates to social quality of life |
| C. Education | 3. May have different facilities |
| D. Respect | 4. Expands health opportunities |
Question 20
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Economic well-being | 1. Expansion of choices |
| B. Social well-being | 2. Stable life |
| C. Security | 3. Income and consumption |
| D. Freedom | 4. Respect and equality |
Topic 5: National Development
Question 21
| Column I | Column II |
| A. National development | 1. Improvement in people’s living conditions |
| B. Economic growth | 2. Wider access to development opportunities |
| C. Equal opportunities | 3. Overall well-being of the country |
| D. Social welfare | 4. Increase in production |
Question 22
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Increase in national income | 1. Social development |
| B. Improvement in education | 2. More inclusive development |
| C. Health facilities | 3. One aspect of national development |
| D. Reduction in inequality | 4. Human development |
Question 23
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Farmer | 1. Fair price and quality |
| B. Industrialist | 2. Employment and wages |
| C. Worker | 3. Agricultural needs |
| D. Consumer | 4. Production and investment |
Question 24
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Increase only in GDP | 1. Increase in opportunities |
| B. Improvement in health | 2. Wider distribution of development benefits |
| C. Expansion of education | 3. Not a complete measure of development |
| D. Equality | 4. Human well-being |
Question 25
| Column I | Column II |
| A. National development policy | 1. Wider participation |
| B. Economic growth | 2. Collective welfare |
| C. Public facility | 3. Increase in productive capacity |
| D. Equal opportunities | 4. Considers different interests |
Topic 6: Comparing Different Countries or States
Question 26
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Total income | 1. Indicator of human capability |
| B. Per capita income | 2. Social indicator of living standards |
| C. Health | 3. Income of the entire country |
| D. Education | 4. Average income |
Question 27
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Total income of a large state | 1. Takes population into account |
| B. Total income of a small state | 2. Non-income basis of comparison |
| C. Per capita income | 3. May be lower |
| D. Health indicator | 4. Influenced by population |
Question 28
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Equal total income | 1. Important indicator of well-being |
| B. Larger population | 2. Shows social development |
| C. Education | 3. Living standards may still differ |
| D. Health | 4. May lower per capita income |
Question 29
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Per capita income | 1. Average expected length of life |
| B. Literacy | 2. Health indicator |
| C. Infant mortality rate | 3. Average economic condition |
| D. Life expectancy | 4. Education-related indicator |
Question 30
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Common measure | 1. Comparison of human capabilities |
| B. Per capita income | 2. Social comparison |
| C. Health | 3. Makes comparison more systematic |
| D. Education | 4. Economic comparison |
Topic 7: Per Capita Income
Question 31
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Per capita income | 1. Income per person on average |
| B. Total income | 2. Number of people |
| C. Population | 3. Total income ÷ total population |
| D. Average income | 4. Sum of all incomes |
Question 32
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Total income remains constant | 1. Per capita income may rise |
| B. Total income increases | 2. Average may fall when income remains unchanged |
| C. Population falls | 3. Per capita income may fall if population rises |
| D. Population increases | 4. Per capita income may rise |
Question 33
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Small state | 1. Influenced by population size |
| B. Large state | 2. Adjusts comparison for population |
| C. Total income | 3. May have high per capita income |
| D. Per capita income | 4. May have higher total income |
Question 34
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Per capita income | 1. Actual income of a person |
| B. Individual income | 2. Denominator used to calculate the average |
| C. Total income | 3. An average |
| D. Population | 4. Sum of incomes |
Question 35
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Calculation of per capita income | 1. Average position of the group |
| B. Higher total income | 2. May reduce the average |
| C. Larger population | 3. Divide total income by population |
| D. Average income | 4. Does not always mean higher per capita income |
Topic 8: Limitations of Average Income
Question 36
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Average income | 1. May pull up the average |
| B. Income inequality | 2. Does not show income distribution |
| C. Rich minority | 3. Does not guarantee equal distribution |
| D. Same average | 4. Difference in incomes among people |
Question 37
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Country A | 1. Helps understand actual inequality |
| B. Country B | 2. Limited information about distribution |
| C. Average | 3. Same average but greater inequality |
| D. Income distribution | 4. Same average but more equal distribution |
Question 38
| Column I | Column II |
| A. A few very rich people | 1. Raises questions about the quality of development |
| B. Poor majority | 2. May raise the average income |
| C. Average income | 3. May not be fully represented by the average |
| D. Income inequality | 4. May hide distributional problems |
Question 39
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Higher average income | 1. Shows who has how much |
| B. Same average | 2. Cannot be understood through average income alone |
| C. Income distribution | 3. Does not necessarily mean everyone is prosperous |
| D. Broad development | 4. Different distributions are possible |
Question 40
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Limitation of average income | 1. Means of collective welfare |
| B. Health | 2. Human development indicator |
| C. Education | 3. May hide inequality |
| D. Public facilities | 4. Non-income indicator |
Topic 9: Income and Other Indicators of Development
Question 41
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Income | 1. Indicator of educational achievement |
| B. Health | 2. Knowledge and capability |
| C. Education | 3. Indicator of economic resources |
| D. Literacy | 4. Physical well-being |
Question 42
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Literacy rate | 1. Economic condition |
| B. Infant mortality rate | 2. Average length of life |
| C. Per capita income | 3. Educational condition |
| D. Life expectancy | 4. Health condition |
Question 43
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Income alone | 1. Better representation of complex reality |
| B. Income + health | 2. Limited picture of development |
| C. Income + health + education | 3. Broader perspective |
| D. Multiple indicators | 4. Multidimensional comparison |
Question 44
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Health outcomes | 1. Availability of economic resources |
| B. Education outcomes | 2. Collective contribution beyond individual income |
| C. Income | 3. Influenced by schools and opportunities |
| D. Public facilities | 4. Influenced by health services |
Question 45
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Education | 1. Purchasing power |
| B. Health | 2. Fulfilment of collective needs |
| C. Income | 3. Expansion of opportunities |
| D. Public facility | 4. Quality of life |
Topic 10: Public Facilities
Question 46
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Government school | 1. Helps prevent diseases |
| B. Government hospital | 2. Community health facility |
| C. Clean drinking water | 3. Public education |
| D. Sanitation system | 4. Public health |
Question 47
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Private hospital | 1. Public education facility |
| B. Government hospital | 2. Facility for collective use |
| C. Government school | 3. Service based on payment |
| D. Public transport | 4. Public health service |
Question 48
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Clean water | 1. Medical services |
| B. Sanitation | 2. Educational opportunity |
| C. School | 3. Can reduce risk of water-borne diseases |
| D. Hospital | 4. Contributes to public health |
Question 49
| Column I | Column II |
| A. High individual income | 1. Can expand access to education |
| B. Government health service | 2. Collective necessity |
| C. Public education | 3. Not a substitute for all public facilities |
| D. Clean water | 4. Wider access to healthcare |
Question 50
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Improvement in public facilities | 1. Access to education |
| B. Government school | 2. Healthy environment |
| C. Public hospital | 3. Can improve quality of life even without higher income |
| D. Sanitation | 4. Health facility |
Topic 11: Health as an Indicator of Development
Question 51
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Good health | 1. Basic requirement for health |
| B. Infant mortality rate | 2. Better quality of life |
| C. Life expectancy | 3. Average expected length of life |
| D. Nutrition | 4. Health condition of infants |
Question 52
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Infant mortality rate | 1. Supports physical development |
| B. Clean water | 2. Treatment and prevention |
| C. Nutrition | 3. Indicator related to infant deaths |
| D. Health services | 4. Reduces risk of diseases |
Question 53
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Two regions with similar income | 1. Indicator of better health conditions |
| B. Better health facilities | 2. May improve health outcomes |
| C. Lower infant mortality rate | 3. Indicator of relatively better health conditions |
| D. Higher life expectancy | 4. May have different health outcomes |
Question 54
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Sanitation | 1. Availability of treatment |
| B. Nutrition | 2. Helps prevent water-borne diseases |
| C. Medical facility | 3. Reduces risk of infection |
| D. Clean water | 4. Necessary for physical development |
Question 55
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Higher income | 1. Indicates relatively better health conditions |
| B. Better health | 2. Indicates better health conditions |
| C. Lower infant mortality | 3. Important development outcome |
| D. Higher life expectancy | 4. Does not guarantee good health |
Topic 12: Human Development
Question 56
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Human development | 1. Knowledge and skills |
| B. Health | 2. Expansion of choices |
| C. Education | 3. Ability to live a healthy life |
| D. Opportunities | 4. Expansion of people’s capabilities |
Question 57
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Human-centred development | 1. Quality of life |
| B. Education | 2. Expansion of life choices |
| C. Health | 3. People at the centre of development |
| D. Opportunities | 4. Expansion of capabilities |
Question 58
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Capability | 1. Foundation for a productive and healthy life |
| B. Opportunity | 2. Expands knowledge and capability |
| C. Education | 3. What a person is able to do |
| D. Health | 4. Available choices |
Question 59
| Column I | Column II |
| A. High per capita income | 1. Expands choices |
| B. Better education | 2. Improves quality of life |
| C. Better health | 3. Alone does not prove human development |
| D. Wider opportunities | 4. Increases human capability |
Question 60
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Human development | 1. Healthy living |
| B. Economic development | 2. Capability expansion |
| C. Education | 3. People-centred approach |
| D. Health | 4. Focus on resources and production |
Topic 13: World Bank and UNDP Approaches
Question 61
| Column I | Column II |
| A. World Bank income-based approach | 1. Indicator of human capability |
| B. UNDP approach | 2. Indicator of human development |
| C. Health | 3. Broader human development |
| D. Education | 4. Emphasis on per capita income |
Question 62
| Column I | Column II |
| A. World Bank | 1. Broader dimensions of human development |
| B. UNDP | 2. Average income |
| C. Per capita income | 3. Multidimensional human development |
| D. Education and health | 4. Income-based comparison |
Question 63
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Income | 1. Inclusion of several dimensions |
| B. Health | 2. Capability building |
| C. Education | 3. Economic resources |
| D. Human development | 4. Human well-being |
Question 64
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Measuring development only through income | 1. People-centred |
| B. Income + health + education | 2. Average measure for economic comparison |
| C. UNDP approach | 3. Broader approach |
| D. Per capita income | 4. Limited approach |
Question 65
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Income-based measure | 1. Knowledge and opportunities |
| B. Human development approach | 2. Focus on economic condition |
| C. Health | 3. Focus on people’s capabilities |
| D. Education | 4. Quality of life |
Topic 14: Sustainability of Development
Question 66
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Sustainable development | 1. Risk to future availability |
| B. Future generations | 2. Considers both present and future |
| C. Resource conservation | 3. Future users of resources |
| D. Excessive exploitation | 4. Long-term availability |
Question 67
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Excessive groundwater extraction | 1. Protection of future availability |
| B. Recharge | 2. Responsible use of resources |
| C. Sustainable use | 3. Replenishment of water sources |
| D. Conservation | 4. Threat to future water availability |
Question 68
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Extraction rate > recharge rate | 1. Affected by present decisions |
| B. Extraction rate = recharge rate | 2. Unsustainable resource use |
| C. Conservation | 3. Relatively balanced use |
| D. Future generation | 4. Long-term protection of resources |
Question 69
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Present needs | 1. Protection of future opportunities |
| B. Future needs | 2. Balance between both |
| C. Sustainable development | 3. Long-term well-being |
| D. Resource conservation | 4. Immediate well-being |
Question 70
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Permanent destruction of resources | 1. Can reduce resource pressure |
| B. Limited use | 2. Balances present and future |
| C. Recycling | 3. Helps long-term conservation |
| D. Sustainable policy | 4. Unsustainable development |
Topic 15: Development and Natural Resources
Question 71
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Agriculture | 1. Used for irrigation and domestic needs |
| B. Industry | 2. Provide biodiversity and resources |
| C. Forests | 3. Depends on land and water |
| D. Groundwater | 4. Uses natural resources |
Question 72
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Groundwater extraction | 1. Can affect ecological balance |
| B. Recharge | 2. Long-term availability of resources |
| C. Deforestation | 3. Replenishment of water sources |
| D. Conservation | 4. Can affect the water table |
Question 73
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Natural resources | 1. Considers present and future needs |
| B. Excessive exploitation | 2. Supports long-term use |
| C. Conservation | 3. May reduce future availability |
| D. Sustainable development | 4. Important for production |
Question 74
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Excessive groundwater use | 1. Process that helps maintain water availability |
| B. Uncontrolled deforestation | 2. Long-term benefits |
| C. Responsible resource use | 3. Decline in water level |
| D. Recharge | 4. Reduction in forest resources |
Question 75
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Conservation of natural resources | 1. Reduces resource wastage |
| B. Responsible consumption | 2. Producing useful output with fewer resources |
| C. Sustainable agriculture | 3. Protects future productive capacity |
| D. Resource efficiency | 4. Protects land and water in the long run |
Topic 16: Environmental Degradation
Question 76
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Industrial waste | 1. Effects on health and environment |
| B. Vehicle smoke | 2. Ecological damage |
| C. Deforestation | 3. Water pollution |
| D. Chemical pollution | 4. Air pollution |
Question 77
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Environmental degradation | 1. Loss of biodiversity |
| B. Air pollution | 2. Decline in water quality |
| C. Water pollution | 3. Respiratory risks |
| D. Deforestation | 4. Decline in the quality of natural systems |
Question 78
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Factory smoke | 1. Reduction in ecological balance |
| B. Untreated industrial waste | 2. Decline in air quality |
| C. Excessive chemical use | 3. Effects on soil and water |
| D. Deforestation | 4. Water pollution |
Question 79
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Pollution | 1. Challenge to long-term development |
| B. Destruction of natural habitats | 2. Reduction in natural capital |
| C. Excessive resource use | 3. Effect on biodiversity |
| D. Environmental degradation | 4. Decline in environmental quality |
Question 80
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Economic activity | 1. Can increase health costs |
| B. Pollution | 2. Balances economic and environmental concerns |
| C. Natural resource depletion | 3. Can generate production and employment |
| D. Sustainable development | 4. Can reduce future productivity |
Topic 17: Development for Present and Future Generations
Question 81
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Present generation | 1. Balances interests of both generations |
| B. Future generation | 2. Uses resources today |
| C. Conservation | 3. Will depend on resources in the future |
| D. Sustainable development | 4. Secures future availability |
Question 82
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Excessive resource use | 1. Emphasises responsible resource use |
| B. Resource conservation | 2. Protects future capacity |
| C. Long-term planning | 3. Can reduce future choices |
| D. Sustainable consumption | 4. Considers future effects |
Question 83
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Present decision | 1. Protects future environmental quality |
| B. Excessive groundwater use | 2. May affect the future |
| C. Forest conservation | 3. Protects future ecological benefits |
| D. Pollution control | 4. May increase future water scarcity |
Question 84
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Meeting present needs | 1. Damages future capacity |
| B. Protecting future capacity | 2. Long-term availability |
| C. Resource conservation | 3. Immediate well-being |
| D. Unsustainable development | 4. Requirement of sustainable development |
Question 85
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Sustainable development | 1. Reduces unnecessary resource wastage |
| B. Conservation | 2. Long-term stakeholders affected by today’s decisions |
| C. Responsible consumption | 3. Considers present and future needs |
| D. Future generations | 4. Protects resources |
ANSWER KEY
Topic 1 — What Is Development?
| Q. | Correct Matching |
| 1 | A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 |
| 2 | A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2 |
| 3 | A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2 |
| 4 | A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3 |
| 5 | A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2 |
Concept: Development is multidimensional. Income matters, but health, education, security, dignity, freedom and quality of life also matter.
Topic 2 — Different People, Different Development Goals
| Q. | Correct Matching |
| 6 | A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 |
| 7 | A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 |
| 8 | A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 |
| 9 | A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 |
| 10 | A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2 |
Concept: Development goals vary because people’s needs, circumstances, occupations, opportunities and priorities differ.
Topic 3 — Conflicting Development Goals
| Q. | Correct Matching |
| 11 | A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1 |
| 12 | A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2 |
| 13 | A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1 |
| 14 | A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 |
| 15 | A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2 |
Concept: A development project can create benefits for some groups and costs for others. Such situations create conflicting development goals.
Topic 4 — Income and Other Goals
| Q. | Correct Matching |
| 16 | A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1 |
| 17 | A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1 |
| 18 | A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 |
| 19 | A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2 |
| 20 | A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 |
Concept: Income is a material goal, but people also value non-material goals such as freedom, security, dignity and respect.
Topic 5 — National Development
| Q. | Correct Matching |
| 21 | A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 |
| 22 | A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2 |
| 23 | A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 |
| 24 | A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2 |
| 25 | A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1 |
Concept: National development involves broader social and economic well-being, not merely an increase in national income or production.
Topic 6 — Comparing Different Countries or States
| Q. | Correct Matching |
| 26 | A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 |
| 27 | A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2 |
| 28 | A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 |
| 29 | A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 |
| 30 | A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 |
Concept: Total income alone is insufficient for comparing regions with different populations. Per capita income and social indicators provide additional information.
Topic 7 — Per Capita Income
| Q. | Correct Matching |
| 31 | A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 |
| 32 | A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2 |
| 33 | A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2 |
| 34 | A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2 |
| 35 | A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 |
Concept: Per capita income = total income ÷ total population. It is an average and therefore does not show how income is distributed among individuals.
Topic 8 — Limitations of Average Income
| Q. | Correct Matching |
| 36 | A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3 |
| 37 | A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1 |
| 38 | A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1 |
| 39 | A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2 |
| 40 | A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 |
Concept: Average income can conceal inequality. Two regions can have the same average income but very different income distributions.
Topic 9 — Income and Other Indicators
| Q. | Correct Matching |
| 41 | A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 |
| 42 | A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2 |
| 43 | A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1 |
| 44 | A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2 |
| 45 | A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2 |
Concept: Development is better understood through multiple indicators, including income, health, education and public facilities.
Topic 10 — Public Facilities
| Q. | Correct Matching |
| 46 | A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 |
| 47 | A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2 |
| 48 | A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 |
| 49 | A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2 |
| 50 | A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2 |
Concept: Public facilities such as schools, hospitals, sanitation and clean water provide benefits that individual income alone cannot guarantee.
Topic 11 — Health as an Indicator of Development
| Q. | Correct Matching |
| 51 | A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1 |
| 52 | A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2 |
| 53 | A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3 |
| 54 | A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2 |
| 55 | A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1 |
Concept: Health outcomes such as infant mortality, life expectancy, nutrition and access to healthcare are important indicators of development.
Topic 12 — Human Development
| Q. | Correct Matching |
| 56 | A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2 |
| 57 | A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2 |
| 58 | A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 |
| 59 | A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 |
| 60 | A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 |
Concept: Human development places people at the centre and focuses on capabilities, health, education, opportunities and quality of life.
Topic 13 — World Bank and UNDP Approaches
| Q. | Correct Matching |
| 61 | A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1 |
| 62 | A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1 |
| 63 | A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 |
| 64 | A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2 |
| 65 | A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1 |
Concept: In the NCERT discussion, the World Bank approach emphasizes income-based comparison, particularly per capita income, while the UNDP approach considers broader human-development dimensions.
Topic 14 — Sustainability of Development
| Q. | Correct Matching |
| 66 | A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1 |
| 67 | A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1 |
| 68 | A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1 |
| 69 | A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1 |
| 70 | A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2 |
Concept: Sustainable development balances present needs with the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
Topic 15 — Development and Natural Resources
| Q. | Correct Matching |
| 71 | A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 |
| 72 | A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2 |
| 73 | A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1 |
| 74 | A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 |
| 75 | A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2 |
Concept: Natural resources support economic activities, but excessive exploitation can reduce their future availability. Conservation and efficient use are therefore important.
Topic 16 — Environmental Degradation
| Q. | Correct Matching |
| 76 | A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 |
| 77 | A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1 |
| 78 | A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1 |
| 79 | A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1 |
| 80 | A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2 |
Concept: Pollution, deforestation and excessive resource use can damage natural systems, affect human health and create long-term economic and social costs.
Topic 17 — Development for Present and Future Generations
| Q. | Correct Matching |
| 81 | A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1 |
| 82 | A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1 |
| 83 | A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1 |
| 84 | A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 |
| 85 | A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2 |
Concept: Today’s development decisions influence future generations. Conservation, responsible consumption and long-term planning help preserve future opportunities.
Final Quick Answer Key
| Q | Answer | Q | Answer | Q | Answer | Q | Answer | Q | Answer |
| 1 | A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1 | 18 | A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1 | 35 | A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1 | 52 | A-3 B-4 C-1 D-2 | 69 | A-4 B-3 C-2 D-1 |
| 2 | A-3 B-4 C-1 D-2 | 19 | A-3 B-4 C-1 D-2 | 36 | A-2 B-4 C-1 D-3 | 53 | A-4 B-2 C-1 D-3 | 70 | A-4 B-3 C-1 D-2 |
| 3 | A-3 B-4 C-1 D-2 | 20 | A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1 | 37 | A-4 B-3 C-2 D-1 | 54 | A-3 B-4 C-1 D-2 | 71 | A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1 |
| 4 | A-2 B-4 C-1 D-3 | 21 | A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1 | 38 | A-2 B-3 C-4 D-1 | 55 | A-4 B-3 C-2 D-1 | 72 | A-4 B-3 C-1 D-2 |
| 5 | A-3 B-4 C-1 D-2 | 22 | A-3 B-4 C-1 D-2 | 39 | A-3 B-4 C-1 D-2 | 56 | A-4 B-3 C-1 D-2 | 73 | A-4 B-3 C-2 D-1 |
| 6 | A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1 | 23 | A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1 | 40 | A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1 | 57 | A-3 B-4 C-1 D-2 | 74 | A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1 |
| 7 | A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1 | 24 | A-3 B-4 C-1 D-2 | 41 | A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1 | 58 | A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1 | 75 | A-3 B-1 C-4 D-2 |
| 8 | A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1 | 25 | A-4 B-3 C-2 D-1 | 42 | A-3 B-4 C-1 D-2 | 59 | A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1 | 76 | A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1 |
| 9 | A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1 | 26 | A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1 | 43 | A-2 B-3 C-4 D-1 | 60 | A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1 | 77 | A-4 B-3 C-2 D-1 |
| 10 | A-3 B-4 C-1 D-2 | 27 | A-4 B-3 C-1 D-2 | 44 | A-4 B-3 C-1 D-2 | 61 | A-4 B-3 C-2 D-1 | 78 | A-2 B-4 C-3 D-1 |
| 11 | A-4 B-3 C-2 D-1 | 28 | A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1 | 45 | A-3 B-4 C-1 D-2 | 62 | A-4 B-3 C-2 D-1 | 79 | A-4 B-3 C-2 D-1 |
| 12 | A-3 B-4 C-1 D-2 | 29 | A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1 | 46 | A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1 | 63 | A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1 | 80 | A-3 B-1 C-4 D-2 |
| 13 | A-4 B-3 C-2 D-1 | 30 | A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1 | 47 | A-3 B-4 C-1 D-2 | 64 | A-4 B-3 C-1 D-2 | 81 | A-2 B-3 C-4 D-1 |
| 14 | A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1 | 31 | A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1 | 48 | A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1 | 65 | A-2 B-3 C-4 D-1 | 82 | A-3 B-2 C-4 D-1 |
| 15 | A-3 B-1 C-4 D-2 | 32 | A-3 B-4 C-1 D-2 | 49 | A-3 B-4 C-1 D-2 | 66 | A-2 B-3 C-4 D-1 | 83 | A-2 B-4 C-3 D-1 |
| 16 | A-4 B-3 C-2 D-1 | 33 | A-3 B-4 C-1 D-2 | 50 | A-3 B-1 C-4 D-2 | 67 | A-4 B-3 C-2 D-1 | 84 | A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1 |
| 17 | A-2 B-4 C-3 D-1 | 34 | A-3 B-1 C-4 D-2 | 51 | A-2 B-4 C-3 D-1 | 68 | A-2 B-3 C-4 D-1 | 85 | A-3 B-4 C-1 D-2 |